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Tuesday, August 6, 2013

Generalizing binomial coefficient to negative integers

Generatingfunctionology claims that \binom{n}{k} = 0  for k < 0. I have checked using formula \binom{n}{k} = {n! \over k! (n-k)!} and the fact that0! = 1 = (-1)! * 0\ \ \text{ identical to }\ \ (-1)! = {1 \over 0}-1! = (-2)! * (-1)\ \ \text{ identical to }\ \ (-2)! = {1 \over 0 (-1)}-2! = (-3)! * (-2)\ \ \text{ identical to }\ \ (-3)! = {1 \over 0 (-1)(-2)}and, generally,(-n)! = {1 \over 0 (-1)(-2) \cdots (-n+1)}

I have got the following Karnaugh map, which shows whether \binom{n}{k} = 0 or not,

n > 0
= =
n>k = =
k > 0

You see a checkerboard order of =0 and ≠0: every time we switch one of the conditions, n>k, n>0 or k>0, the output \binom{n}{k} switches between zero to non-zero. The same checkerboard behaviour is also observed in Wikipedia. Now, we see that author's statement that " \binom{n}{k} = 0 vanishes unless 0 ≤ k ≤ n" is true only for n > 0.

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